پژوهشگاه علوم اسلامی امام صادق(ع) پژوهش های سیاست اسلامی 2345-5705 4 9 2016 09 05 Analysis of the Concept of the Legitimacy of Government; A Comparative Investigation of the Viewpoints of Thomas Aquinas and Khwajah Nasir al-Din al-Tusi واکاوی مفهوم مشروعیت حکومت بررسی مقایسه ای؛ دیدگاههای توماس آکوئیناس و خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی 31 47 44342 FA قربانعلی قربان زاده سوار استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی(ره) امیرمحمد ایزدی دانشآموخته علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی(ره) Journal Article 2016 04 07 Legitimacy of government and trying to approve it is one of the important issues in politics. The present paper seeks to investigate the viewpoints of two great thinkers of the 13^th century, Thomas Aquinas and Khwajah Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, regarding the legitimacy of government; (Problem) an issue which has not been investigated so far. Since Aquinas was brought up in a Christian-European tradition and Khwajah Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in an Islamic-Iranian one, the present paper tries to answer this question: What are the basis and forms of the thoughts of these two thinkers regarding legitimacy of government? (Question) This term, because of conflicting conceptual interpretations in the viewpoint of different theorizers, has gained different meanings and forms, as a result, the present article is an exploratory one and there is no hypothesis presented for it. (No Hypothesis) Therefore, the purpose of this article is investigating the interpretations of these two great religious thinkers without any evaluation of their viewpoints. (Objective) Research data are collected using library documentary methods and are analyzed in the framework of comparative method. (Methodology) Despite the significant similarity in the theoretical principles of Aquinas and Khwajah, because of divine principles, these two viewpoints are in opposing poles, thus, it can be said that conceptualization of the legitimacy of government depends on the ground on which conceptualization takes place. (Finding) <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">از مسائل مهم سیاست، مشروعیت حکومت و تلاش برای تأیید و تصدیق آن است. این مقاله، در صدد بررسی دیدگاه دو اندیشمند و متکلم بزرگ قرن سیزدهم، توماس آکوئیناس قدیس و خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی دربارۀ مشروعیت حکومت است (مسئله)؛ موضوعی که تاکنون مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. با توجه به پرورش آکوئیناس در سنت مسیحی– اروپایی و خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی در سنت اسلامی– ایرانی در پی پاسخ به این پرسش دارد که اندیشه</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">های این دو متکلم در مورد مشروعیت حکومت، چه مبنا و صورتی دارد؟(سؤال) این اصطلاح، به واسطه برداشت</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">های مفهومی متضاد در دیدگاه نظریه</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">پردازان مختلف، جلوه</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">ها و معانی متفاوتی یافته است، در نتیجه، این مقاله از نوع اکتشافی بوده و برای آن فرضیه</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">ای ارائه نشده است(فقدان فرضیه). از این رو، مقصد مقاله پیش رو، بررسی برداشت</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">های دو اندیشمند بزرگ دینی، بدون هرگونه ارزشیابی دیدگاه</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">های آنان است(هدف). داده</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">های پژوهش، بر مبنای روش کتابخانه</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">ای و اسنادی،گردآوری شد و در چهارچوب روش تطبیقی به عنوان نتیجه، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت(روش). با وجود مشابهت چشمگیر در مبانی نظری آکوئیناس و خواجه به دلیل مبانی الهی، دیدگاه این دو در قطب مخالف یکدیگر قرار دارد، بنابراین، می</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">توان گفت: مفهوم</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">سازی مشروعیت حکومت وابسته به زمینه</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">ای است که مفهوم</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‌</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;" lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">سازی در آن رخ میدهد(یافته).</span> https://ipr.isri.ac.ir/article_44342_a81855f5ad4a94d453bb634487082a90.pdf